Items filtered by date: September 2025

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a long-term condition that can affect multiple joints, and the feet are often impacted in ways that change a child’s daily life. Inflammation may appear in the ankles, midfoot, or toes, leading to stiffness, pain, and swelling that limit mobility. Some children develop flatfoot or toe deformities, which place added strain on walking and balance. These challenges may cause hesitation in sports or even in simple play, reducing confidence and independence. Wearing supportive shoes, custom orthoses, and targeted exercises can help maintain movement, while medical treatment addresses the underlying inflammation. Early care is essential because preventing deformity is easier than correcting it, once established. Families who notice that a child struggles with foot pain or changes in walking should not delay seeking professional guidance. If your child has foot pain related to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, it is suggested that you schedule an appointment with a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The health of a child’s feet is vital to their overall well-being. If you have any questions regarding foot health, contact Jim Maxka, DPM of South Penn Foot & Ankle Associates. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Tips for Keeping Children's Feet Healthy

• Make sure their shoes fit properly
• Look for any signs of in-toeing or out-toeing
• Check to see if they have Clubfoot (condition that affects your child’s foot and ankle, twisting the heel and toes inward) which is one of the most common nonmajor birth defects.
• Lightly cover your baby’s feet (Tight covers may keep your baby from moving their feet freely, and could prevent normal development)
• Allow your toddler to go shoeless (Shoes can be restricting for a young child’s foot)
• Cut toenails straight across to avoid ingrown toenails
• Keep your child’s foot clean and dry
• Cover cuts and scrapes. Wash any scratches with soap and water and cover them with a bandage until they’ve healed.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Hanover, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Wearing the right shoes can play a huge role in the health of your feet. When shopping for new shoes, there are several things that you can do to ensure that you buy the best shoes for your feet. It is recommended that you shop for shoes in person rather than online, so that you can try on shoes, making sure that they fit well and leave room for the toes to move freely in. In a brick and mortar store, you will also be able to ask a salesperson to measure your feet to find out your exact shoe size. Many people wear the wrong size shoes because they are unaware that their feet have changed with age. It is also suggested that you try on shoes in the afternoon when the feet are at their largest. When you find a pair of shoes that are comfortable and fit properly, you may want to feel the inside of the shoe for tags, seams, or other materials that could potentially irritate your foot. You may also want to inspect the soles to make sure that they are thick enough to cushion and protect your feet. For more tips on buying the right shoes for you, consult with a podiatrist today.

It is important to find shoes that fit you properly in order to avoid a variety of different foot problems. For more information about treatment, contact Jim Maxka, DPM from South Penn Foot & Ankle Associates. Our doctor will treat your foot and ankle needs.

Proper Shoe Fitting

Shoes have many different functions. They cushion our body weight, protect our feet, and allow us to safely play sports. You should always make sure that the shoes you wear fit you properly in order to avoid injuries and deformities such as: bunions, corns, calluses, hammertoes, plantar fasciitis, stress fractures, and more. It is important to note that although a certain pair of shoes might be a great fit for someone else, that doesn’t mean they will be a great fit for you. This is why you should always try on shoes before buying them to make sure they are worth the investment. Typically, shoes need to be replaced ever six months to one year of regular use.

Tips for Proper Shoe Fitting

• Select a shoe that is shaped like your foot
• Don’t buy shoes that fit too tight, expecting them to stretch to fit
• Make sure there is enough space (3/8” to ½”) for your longest toe at the end of each shoe when you are standing up
• Walk in the shoes to make sure they fit and feel right
• Don’t select shoes by the size marked inside the shoe, but by how the shoe fits your foot

The shoes you buy should always feel as good as they look. Shoes that fit properly will last longer, feel better, and improve your way of life each day.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in Hanover, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Clubfoot is a congenital condition that causes a baby’s foot to turn inward or downward, affecting one or both feet. The heel and calf on the affected side are often smaller, and, in severe cases, the foot may appear twisted and almost upside down. Although clubfoot is not painful for babies, it prevents normal walking, if left untreated. Genetics appears to play a role in this condition, as risk increases when there is a family history. Other contributing factors include smoking during pregnancy or reduced amniotic fluid in the womb. A podiatrist can diagnose clubfoot soon after birth, and, in some cases, it may even be detected on prenatal imaging. Treatment often begins within weeks of delivery. It may involve gentle stretching with casting and a gradual repositioning of the foot. Surgery is considered when the deformity is severe. If your baby has a clubfoot deformity, it is suggested that you promptly schedule an appointment with a podiatrist, including this type of doctor on your healthcare team. 

Congenital foot problems require immediate attention to avoid future complications. If you have any concerns, contact Jim Maxka, DPM of South Penn Foot & Ankle Associates. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Congenital foot problems are deformities affecting the feet, toes, and/or ankles that children are born with. Some of these conditions have a genetic cause while others just happen. Some specific foot ailments that children may be born with include clubfeet, polydactyly/macrodactyly, and cleft foot. There are several other foot anomalies that can occur congenitally. What all of these conditions have in common is that a child may experience difficulty walking or performing everyday activities, as well as trouble finding footwear that fits their foot deformity. Some of these conditions are more serious than others. Consulting with a podiatrist as early as possible will help in properly diagnosing a child’s foot condition while getting the necessary treatment underway.

What are Causes of Congenital Foot Problem?

A congenital foot problem is one that happens to a child at birth. These conditions can be caused by a genetic predisposition, developmental or positional abnormalities during gestation, or with no known cause.

What are Symptoms of Congenital Foot Problems?

Symptoms vary by the congenital condition. Symptoms may consist of the following:

• Clubfoot, where tendons are shortened, bones are shaped differently, and the Achilles tendon is tight, causing the foot to point in and down. It is also possible for the soles of the feet to face each other.
• Polydactyly, which usually consists of a nubbin or small lump of tissue without a bone, a toe that is partially formed but has no joints, or an extra toe.
• Vertical talus, where the talus bone forms in the wrong position causing other bones in the foot to line up improperly, the front of the foot to point up, and the bottom of the foot to stiffen, with no arch, and to curve out.
• Tarsal coalition, when there is an abnormal connection of two or more bones in the foot leading to severe, rigid flatfoot.
• Cleft foot, where there are missing toes, a V-shaped cleft, and other anatomical differences.
• Macrodactyly, when the toes are abnormally large due to overgrowth of the underlying bone or soft tissue.

Treatment and Prevention

While there is nothing one can do to prevent congenital foot problems, raising awareness and receiving neonatal screenings are important. Early detection by taking your child to a podiatrist leads to the best outcome possible.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Hanover, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Crooked toes are a problem that often develops gradually. They may be caused by wearing shoes that squeeze the toes, arthritis that affects joint alignment, or structural issues such as flat feet or high arches. Injuries and muscle imbalances can also contribute, especially when tendons and ligaments no longer hold the toes in their normal position. Conditions like hammertoes, claw toes, and mallet toes are all examples of crooked toe deformities. Treatment depends on the severity. In the early stages, wearing wider shoes, using protective padding, and adding custom orthotics can ease pressure and slow progression. Stretching and strengthening exercises may also help maintain flexibility. If pain and deformity worsen, surgical options can realign the toes and relieve discomfort. If you have painful crooked toes, it is suggested that you see a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Hammertoes can be a painful condition to live with. For more information, contact Jim Maxka, DPM of South Penn Foot & Ankle Associates. Our doctor will answer any of your foot- and ankle-related questions.

Hammertoe

Hammertoe is a foot deformity that occurs due to an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that normally hold the toe straight. It can be caused by the type of shoes you wear, your foot structure, trauma, and certain disease processes.

Symptoms

• Painful and/or difficult toe movement
• Swelling
• Joint stiffness
• Calluses/Corns
• Physical deformity

Risk Factors

• Age – The risk of hammertoe increases with age
• Sex – Women are more likely to have hammertoe compared to men
• Toe Length – You are more likely to develop hammertoe if your second toe is longer than your big toe
• Certain Diseases – Arthritis and diabetes may make you more likely to develop hammertoe

Treatment

If you have hammertoe, you should change into a more comfortable shoe that provides enough room for your toes. Exercises such as picking up marbles may strengthen and stretch your toe muscles. Nevertheless, it is important to seek assistance from a podiatrist in order to determine the severity of your hammertoe and see which treatment option will work best for you.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Hanover, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Having flat feet is often seen as a concern for young athletes, but research shows it is not a disadvantage. Studies using balance testing, tiptoe standing angle, and repetitive leg movements have found no confirmed disadvantages for children or teens with flat arches when compared to those with higher arches. Athletic ability, strength, and coordination remain unaffected, allowing young athletes to perform at their best. A podiatrist can help by evaluating foot structure, offering supportive footwear or orthotics, if needed, and guiding proper training techniques to prevent injury. If you are concerned about flat feet in your child, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for reassurance and expert advice to keep them active and confident.

Flatfoot is a condition many people suffer from. If you have flat feet, contact Jim Maxka, DPM from South Penn Foot & Ankle Associates. Our doctor will treat your foot and ankle needs.

What Are Flat Feet?

Flatfoot is a condition in which the arch of the foot is depressed and the sole of the foot is almost completely in contact with the ground. About 20-30% of the population generally has flat feet because their arches never formed during growth.

Conditions & Problems:

Having flat feet makes it difficult to run or walk because of the stress placed on the ankles.

Alignment – The general alignment of your legs can be disrupted, because the ankles move inward which can cause major discomfort.

Knees – If you have complications with your knees, flat feet can be a contributor to arthritis in that area.  

Symptoms

• Pain around the heel or arch area
• Trouble standing on the tip toe
• Swelling around the inside of the ankle
• Flat look to one or both feet
• Having your shoes feel uneven when worn

Treatment

If you are experiencing pain and stress on the foot you may weaken the posterior tibial tendon, which runs around the inside of the ankle. 

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Hanover, PA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.